COMPOSICIÓN PORCENTUAL
Uno de los problemas cotidianos con los que se enfrentan los químicos es determinar la clase y cantidad de elementos químicos que forman parte de una muestra analizada y en qué cantidad lo hacen. Los resultados del análisis químico se reportan como porcentajes de cada elemento presente en la muestra. En este sentido se llama composición porcentual.
El cálculo de la composición porcentual a partir de la fórmula molecular es sencillo. Basta calcular la masa molar y dividir entre ella la masa de cada elemento presente en la fórmula.
Al multiplicar el resultado por cien se obtiene el porcentaje.
La fórmula es:
Composición porcentual = masa atómica X número de átomos en la fórmula X 100
___________________________________________
Masa molecular
La suma total de cada uno de los porcentajes en cuanto a composición porcentual debe resultar 100, con un rango de variación de +/‐ 0.2 %
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